PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a leading technology for the green production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to divide water into its constituent elements: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a permeable barrier, allowing protons to migrate across while blocking the passage of charges. This system results in

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant progresses in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements include improvements in catalyst materials, membrane durability, and system configuration. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly viable for various applicati